A compound fertilizer is a type of fertilizer that contains two or more essential plant nutrients in each granule or particle. Unlike single-nutrient fertilizers (e.g. urea), compound fertilizers are formulated to provide a balanced mixture of nutrients to support plant growth and development. Here are key characteristics and aspects of compound fertilizers: 1️⃣ Nutrient Composition […]

Calcium (Ca) is a vital nutrient essential for robust plant growth and development, yet often overlooked compared to nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. In today’s discussion, we will explore the critical role of calcium in plant physiology and its importance for achieving healthy crops and higher yields. 1️⃣ Calcium Role in Plants Calcium is a primary […]

Did you know that urea is one of the most widely used nitrogen fertilizers globally? Let’s explore why urea is essential for optimizing crop nutrition and boosting agricultural productivity: 1️⃣ Production Process Urea fertilizer is produced through a controlled reaction of ammonia gas (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) under specific temperature and pressure conditions. The […]

The Law of the Minimum, proposed by German scientist Justus von Liebig in the mid-19th century, is a principle in crop agriculture that states that plant growth is limited by the nutrient in shortest supply relative to the plant’s needs, even if all other essential nutrients are abundant. In simpler terms, it suggests that the […]

Potassium (K) is an essential nutrient that plays a pivotal role in plant growth, development, and overall health. Today, let’s unravel the world of potassium, as we explore its significance in agriculture and its profound impact on crop productivity. 1️⃣ The Role of Potassium in Plant Physiology Potassium is involved in numerous physiological processes within […]

Phosphorus (P) is an essential macronutrient, vital for promoting healthy root development, early shoot growth, and seed formation processes. Let’s explore the dynamic relationship between phosphorus and crop performance, highlighting its significance in achieving optimal yields and agricultural sustainability. 1️⃣ Forms of Phosphorus in the Soil Phosphorus exists in various forms within the soil, ranging […]

Nitrogen (N) plays a vital role in enhancing the performance of agronomic crops. It promotes greener growth, optimal tiller production, increased yields, improved grain quality, and better cob and flower formation. Let’s take a deep dive into nitrogen’s critical role, acknowledging the depth of its impact on plant growth and overall agricultural productivity. 1️⃣ Forms […]

Think Agronomy Newsletter – Updated on Wednesday, 13th March 2024 Visiting the agrovets presents a bewildering choice at this time of year, as that all-important decision around which maize seed to plant comes closer. We take a look at some of the options available for 2024 for high and mid-altitude areas. Highland The choices for […]

Agricultural practices have evolved to embrace reduced tillage and, increasingly, no-till farming. Reduced tillage involves minimal soil disturbance, preserving the soil structure and reducing the risk of compaction. No-till farming takes this a step further, eliminating mechanical soil disturbance altogether. Benefits: 1️⃣ Preserving Soil Structure Soil structure refers to the arrangement of soil particles into […]

The success of maize cultivation hinges on a series of land preparation practices that encompass timing, planting techniques, seed germination, and the judicious use of fertilizers and soil amendments. In this discussion, let’s unravel the intricacies of these best practices, highlighting their pivotal role in establishing the foundation for a thriving maize crop. 1️⃣ Timing […]

Choosing the right fertilizer spreader is a critical decision in top dressing, as it significantly influences the efficiency and effectiveness of nutrient application. Several factors should be considered when selecting a fertilizer spreader to ensure optimal results. 1️⃣ Spreading Width The spreading width of the fertilizer spreader determines the coverage area per pass. It’s essential […]

Top dressing fertilizer application is a critical stage in the maize cultivation cycle, influencing nutrient availability and, consequently, crop yield. As a farmer, understanding and implementing best practices is essential for optimizing the effectiveness of this process. 1️⃣ Soil Analysis as a Foundation Before planting, conduct a comprehensive soil analysis to ascertain existing nutrient levels. […]

Healthy soils are the bedrock of a thriving farming operation, and their impact on profitability is profound. Embracing improved fertilizer use efficiency and nurturing soil health can yield a multitude of benefits, translating into financial gains for growers. How Do I Profit? 1️⃣ Cost Savings on Fertilizers By cultivating well-balanced, biologically active soils, you can […]

Fertilizer Use Efficiency (FUE) is a crucial metric in modern agriculture. It measures the proportion of nutrients from fertilizers that actually contribute to plant growth and development. Maximizing FUE is not only economically prudent for growers but also aligns with sustainable agricultural practices. Today, we’ll explore the factors influencing FUE and the strategies for optimizing […]

Soil microbes, the fungi bacteria and protozoa in the soil, are the driving force behind nutrient availability for plants. As growers, understanding and harnessing the power of these microbial allies can unlock the full potential of our soil and boost the health and productivity of our crops. Let’s take a deep dive into how to […]

You have chosen your favourite variety, prepared the soil and are ready to plant. Hopefully you have examined the soil structure and taken action to remedy any compaction or structural issues, now you just need to load the planter with seed…. and fertiliser. One of the most important things you can do is take a […]

As we look ahead to the planting season, land preparation is already underway. We run through some pointers on what to look for when preparing fields, to make sure that you give your crops the best chance this year. Number one for me is always dig a hole. This allows you to not only examine […]

Balancing the need for high crop yields with environmental sustainability is a core concern for modern agriculture. Sustainable fertilizer practices aim to maximize crop production while minimizing the negative environmental impact. Here are key points to consider when assessing the environmental impact of fertilizers: 1. Nutrient Runoff Excess nutrients, primarily nitrogen and phosphorus, can leach […]

Soil health goes beyond mere nutrient levels; it encapsulates the holistic well-being of our soil. It is the sum of its physical, chemical, and biological components working synergistically to create a fertile ground for plant growth. At the heart of this concept lies the profound realization that healthy soils are not just the foundation of […]

Sustainable soil nutrient management is at the core of environmentally conscious and economically viable agriculture. It involves practices that optimize nutrient use efficiency, minimize environmental impact, and promote long-term soil health. Here are key sustainable practices for managing soil nutrients Organic Matter Addition Increasing soil organic matter content is a foundational practice for sustainable nutrient […]

In the intricate world of soil, microorganisms act as unseen architects, shaping the landscape of nutrient availability to plants. Their diverse activities contribute to nutrient cycling, organic matter decomposition, and overall soil fertility. Here’s a closer look at how these tiny but mighty organisms impact the nutrient dynamics in the soil. Decomposition of Organic Matter […]

Effective fertilizer application is a critical aspect of soil and crop management. Understanding different techniques for applying fertilizers can significantly impact nutrient distribution, crop growth, and environmental sustainability. Here are key points to consider when discussing fertilizer application techniques: Broadcasting: Broadcasting involves uniformly spreading dry or granular fertilizers across the entire field’s surface. This technique […]

Chemical soil health components influence plant nutrient uptake, soil fertility levels, and fertilizer use efficiency by crops. The soil’s chemical properties include 1️⃣ Soil pH Soil pH measures the level of acidity or alkalinity in the soil. It’s a crucial indicator as different crops have specific pH preferences for optimal growth. For instance, blueberries thrive […]

Physical soil health components create a soil environment where plants roots flourish, water is conserved and erosion is curtailed. The soil’s physical properties include: Texture: Soil texture, determined by the proportions of sand, silt, and clay, significantly influences water-holding capacity, drainage, and nutrient availability. Assessing soil texture provides insights into a soil’s water retention capacity […]

Maize is a resource-intensive crop. Fertilizers and other inputs are costly. A data-driven crop nutrition program, based on targeted soil and leaf sampling, prevents the over-application of nutrients when they aren’t needed, reducing costs and environmental impact. Understanding the maize growth stages allows for the efficient application of these inputs. Why Focus on Maize Crop […]

Soil pH is a critical factor that influences the availability of nutrients to plants. Understanding the relationship between soil pH and nutrient availability is essential for effective fertilization. Here are the key points to consider when discussing soil pH and its impact on nutrient availability: Soil pH Defined: Soil pH is a measure of the […]

When creating a comprehensive soil testing, leaf testing, and fertilizer program for wheat, it’s essential to consider the following crucial growth stages of the crop: 1️⃣ Pre-Planting Stage: Begin with a thorough soil test before planting wheat to assess the soil’s nutrient levels, organic matter levels, and pH. This stage helps identify any nutrient deficiencies […]

When growing soybeans, it’s crucial to tailor your fertilizer program to meet the crop’s changing nutrient needs throughout its growth stages. Let’s dive into the six crucial growth stages and how to optimize your soybean fertilization strategy for each: 1️⃣ Pre-Planting Stage: Set the stage for success by starting with a soil test before planting […]

Phosphorus (P) is a crucial nutrient for plant growth and is essential for many biological processes. Effective phosphorus management is critical for cultivating healthy, high-yield crops. Here’s an overview of key aspects related to phosphorus management: Phosphorus Sources: Phosphorus can be sourced from various fertilizers, such as single superphosphate (SSP), triple superphosphate (TSP), and diammonium […]

Nitrogen (N) is a vital nutrient for plant growth, and effective nitrogen management is essential for achieving healthy, high-yield crops. Here’s an overview of key aspects related to nitrogen management: Sources of Nitrogen: Nitrogen can be sourced from various fertilizers, including ammonium nitrate, urea, ammonium sulfate, and organic materials like compost. Leguminous crops also fix […]

Maize silage is possibly the number one choice for high-yielding dairy cows, with high energy content and high intakes. But what makes a good forage maize variety? After six trials we have found large and consistent differences in yield and feed quality between various hybrids, which should help farmers choose more suitable varieties for high-performing […]

As speculation over an impending El Niño continues to build, growers are advised to plan ahead to ensure that they are not caught out at planting and are in a position to make the most of what could be a high-potential season. Several farmers familiar with the 1997/98 El Niño have told me “Be careful […]

Every time I attend a talk, watch a video, or read an article on crop nutrition, the moment I hear the words “Nutrient X is important for [pollen formation / photosynthesis / insert any other process in the plant]”, I switch off. Whilst it is entirely true that different nutrients perform very different functions within […]

Cash flow, an opportunity to make a bit of profit, improve the soil, and to try out new crops in a lower-risk situation. It may seem a long way off, but these are the reasons why some of the very progressive farmers I work with use off-season crops after maize or wheat. For most farmers […]

For five years we have tested maize plant populations, and every year we find that the existing advice to plant at 45-50,000 plants/ha does not produce the highest yields or the highest margin – or the best weed control. It is very clear that maize plant populations across the country need a fundamental re-think, and […]

I hope this article finds you well. As we wind up on the planting of the irrigated wheat crops, I wanted to highlight the significance of leaf sampling for maximizing our crop performance and share valuable insights on this essential practice. Leaf sampling is a valuable tool for irrigated wheat production, enabling growers to assess […]

Maize silage Easy to establish and reliable, maize produces a very palatable and high-energy silage provided that it is well chopped and ensiled properly. Typically over 11 Mj of metabolisable energy per kilo, it is a great way of storing crop to feed for livestock later. The main drawbacks are that it needs to be […]

I. Introduction Maize is an important crop in many parts of the world, and its success largely depends on proper land preparation. To achieve optimal maize yields, farmers need to know the essential techniques for preparing their land before planting. This article will cover the various stages involved in maize land preparation, from soil analysis […]

As we approach the potato planting season, good planning is essential to achieve the best from the crop and maximise your profits. We take a look at the steps to consider: Number 1 is certified seed; you do not need the crop to be held back by diseases such as Blackleg, Black Dot, and Rhizoctonia […]

Legumes for a crucial part of the crop rotation on many levels, adding valuable soil nitrogen, reducing root diseases such as Take-all and Fusarium in cereals, improving soil structure and allowing control of grass weeds such as Brome and Ryegrass. Something that I have seen first-hand over the last few years in Kenya is the […]

Choosing the right wheat variety is one of the most important steps to growing a profitable and reliable wheat crop. Disease resistance, yield, grain quality, sprouting risk, and many other factors should be taken into consideration so that the chances of achieving a high yield and Grade 1 quality with minimal risk and expenditure on […]

Background information While many approaches, such as nutrient omission trials, have been shown to be beneficial in adjusting fertilizer recommendations such as nitrogen (N) fertilizer-based rates, severe nitrogen deficiencies persist across Kenyan farms. These can be attributed under application of N, or N loss. A large amount of the applied N is lost due to […]

In many places of the world, soil acidity is a substantial constraint to soil productivity. Sodium, aluminum, manganese, and hydrogen ion toxicity, as well as deficits in critical elements such as nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, and molybdenum, all contribute to plant growth suppression. Agricultural management practices have increased shifts in soil pH, raising concerns about […]

In my last article, we dealt with the many benefits of cover crops and how they can really help improve soil health, soil structure, nutrient availability (especially phosphorous), and water infiltration and moisture holding capacity. These are some of the most important yield destroyers in African soils. Cover cropping, if done properly can really make […]

The trials team certainly had high expectations for their Nakuru Maize Variety Trial, but this extraordinary average yield certainly opened their eyes. The Nakuru site is just one of the 8 sites across the country that we’ve test varieties in different climates over the past 12 months. Had we grown the top-yielding variety in this […]

Sunflowers are a fantastic crop for Kenya and can provide extra income for farmers in the off-season as well as many rotational benefits to the soil. But to get top yields it is crucial to check on your herbicides and keep the crop free from weed competition for the first 6-7 weeks. Good planting ensures […]

For the past three seasons growers have been reporting Fall Armyworm in the tips of cobs from silking right through to maturity, with damage at harvest similar to the photo below. Fall Armyworm numbers have clearly been on the decline since they first arrived in 2017, with some exceptions, and this year they appear to […]

Bushel weight can make the difference between a profitable crop and one that you can’t even sell. Carrying on from our previous newsletter on how to improve your bushel weight, we take a look at how to get the fungicide program right to maximise your chances of getting a top price for your wheat. Fungicide […]

When it comes to Potato Farming, Getting weed control right in potatoes is crucial. Furthermore, weeds generally make mechanical harvesting difficult and compete with the crop for nutrients just as the tubers really start bulking. Here, we take a look at some of the weed control herbicides options to receive great yields from Potato Farming: […]

With malting barley plantings down considerably this year, many farmers will be growing extra acres of wheat to make up for the area lost. But what varieties should you grow to manage the risks of a big wheat area? Robin Still yields very well in our trials, and most importantly of all is consistent across […]